Progress on mRNA vaccine and its application in infectious disease prevention and control
mRNA疫苗研究进展及其在传染病防控中的应用

摘要

疫苗的出现已经超过两个世纪，包括灭活疫苗、减毒活疫苗、亚单位疫苗、病毒载体疫苗、核酸疫苗等已彻底消灭或控制了的30多种烈性传播疾病。随着2020年新冠肺炎的爆发， mRNA疫苗作为一种新的技术，在临床上得到了广泛应用，该方法具有安全、免疫活性和低成本的优点，一年之内从设计到临床使用，有效率95%，是一种有效的抗新冠病毒药物。本文对 mRNA疫苗的分类、免疫反应机制、改进措施以及在传染病控制方面的应用进行了综述。

Abstract

The emergence of vaccines has been more than two centuries, including inactivated vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, subunit vaccines, viral vector vaccines, nucleic acid vaccines and other more than 30 sexually transmitted diseases that have been completely eliminated or controlled. With the outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020, mRNA vaccine has been widely used clinically as a new technology. This method has the advantages of safety, immune activity and low cost. From design to clinical use within one year, it is an effective anti-novel coronavirus drug. This review reviews the classification of mRNA vaccines, the mechanisms of immune response, improvement measures, and applications in infectious disease control.